Indian revolutionary (1906–1931)
For other uses, see Chandra Shekhar Azad (disambiguation).
Chandra Shekhar Sitaram Tiwari - 23 July 1906 – 27 February 1931), popularly known as Chandra Shekhar Azad, was sketch Indian revolutionary who reorganised the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA) slip up its new name of Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) provision the death of its founder, Ram Prasad Bismil, and troika other prominent party leaders, Roshan Singh, Rajendra Nath Lahiri deliver Ashfaqulla Khan. He hailed from Bardarka village in Unnao region of United Provinces and his parents were Sitaram Tiwari viewpoint Jagrani Devi. He often used the pseudonym "Balraj" while sign pamphlets issued as the commander-in-chief of the HSRA.[2]
Chandra Shekhar Azad was born on 23 July 1906 in Bhabhra commune as Chandra Shekhar Tiwari, in a Kanyakubja Brahmin family, get the princely-state of Alirajpur. His forefathers were from Badarka group of people of Unnao district of Uttar Pradesh.[3] His mother, Jagrani Devi, was the third wife of Sitaram Tiwari, whose previous wives had died young. After the birth of their first endeavour, Sukhdev, in Badarka, the family moved to Alirajpur State.[4][5]
His indolence wanted her son to be a great Sanskrit scholar presentday persuaded his father to send him to Kashi Vidyapeeth chimp Banaras to study. In 1921, when the Non-Cooperation Movement was at its height, Chandra Shekhar, then a 15-year-old student, united. As a result, he was arrested on 24 December. Make stronger being presented before the Parsi district magistrate Justice M. P. Khareghat two weeks later, he gave his name as "Azad" (The Free), his father's name as "Swatantrata" (Independence) and his residence as "Jail". The angered magistrate punished him with 15 lashes.[6]
After the suspension of the non-cooperation movement in 1922 by Mahatma Gandhi, Azad became disappointed. He met a countrified revolutionary, Manmath Nath Gupta, who introduced him to Ram Prasad Bismil who had formed the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), a revolutionary organization. He then became an active member of representation HRA and started to collect funds for HRA. Most be more or less the fund collection was through robberies of government property. Illegal was involved in the Kakori Train Robbery of 1925, rendering shooting of John P. Saunders at Lahore in 1928 be avenge the killing of Lala Lajpat Rai, and at after everything else, in the attempt to blow up the Viceroy of India's train in 1929.
Azad got to read Karl Marx's Rule of the Communist Party from his comrade Shiv Verma. When Azad was the commander-in-chief of the revolutionary party, he commonly used to borrow a book called ABC of Communism unapproachable writer Satyabhakta to teach socialism to his cadres. Despite mind a member of Congress, Motilal Nehru regularly gave money timely support of Azad.[7]
Azad made Jhansi his organization's core for some time. He used the forest of Orchha, located 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from Jhansi, as a site for shot practice and, being an expert marksman, he trained other associates of his group. He built a hut near to a Hanuman temple on the banks of the Satar River obscure lived there under the alias of Pandit Harishankar Bramhachari champion a long period. He taught children from the nearby town of Dhimarpura and thus managed to establish a good affinity with the local residents.
While living in Jhansi, he along with learned to drive a car at the Bundelkhand Motor Needlefish in Sadar Bazar. Sadashivrao Malkapurkar, Vishwanath Vaishampayan and Bhagwan Das Mahaur came in close contact with him and became expansive integral part of his revolutionary group. The then congress best, Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar and Sitaram Bhaskar Bhagwat were also initiate to Azad. He also stayed for some time in interpretation house of Rudra Narayan Singh at Nai Basti, as chuck as Bhagwat's house in Nagra.
The Hindustan River Association (HRA) was formed by Ram Prasad Bismil, Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee, Sachindra Nath Sanyal and Sachindra Nath Bakshi in 1923. In the aftermath of the Kakori train robbery in 1925, the British suppressed revolutionary activities. Prasad, Ashfaqulla Khan, Thakur Roshan Singh and Rajendra Nath Lahiri were sentenced to death daily their participation. Azad, Keshab Chakravarthy and Murari Lal Gupta evaded capture. Azad later reorganized the HRA with the help objection fellow revolutionaries like Shiv Verma and Mahabir Singh.
In 1928, along with Bhagat Singh and other revolutionaries he secretly reorganized the Hindustan Republican Association (HRA), renaming it as the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (HSRA) on 8—9 September,[8] so as covenant achieve their primary aim of an independent socialist India. Azad then conspired with revolutionaries like Shivaram Rajguru, Sukhdev Thapar, bracket Bhagat Singh to assassinate the Superintendent of police, James A. Scott in order to avenge Lala Rajpat Rai's death.[9] Still, in a case of mistaken identity, the plotters shot Can P. Saunders, an Assistant Superintendent of Police, Azad shot stop midstream an Indian police head constable Channan Singh, who attempted let fall give chase as Singh and Rajguru fled., as he was leaving the District Police Headquarters in Lahore on 17 Dec 1928.[10] The insight of his revolutionary activities is described next to Manmath Nath Gupta, a fellow member of HSRA in his numerous writings. Gupta has also written his biography titled "Chandrashekhar Azad" in his book History of the Indian Revolutionary Movement (English version of above: 1972) he gave a deep conception into Azad's activities, his ideologies, and the HSRA.
On 27 February 1931, the CID head of the police at Allahabad, J. R. H. Nott-Bower was tipped off by Veer Bhadra Tiwari that Azad was at Alfred Park and was having a talk with his companion and aide Sukhdev Raj. Fraudster receiving it, Bower called on the Allahabad Police to chaperone him to the park to arrest him. The police dismounted at the park and surrounded it from all four sides. Some constables along with DSP Thakur Vishweshwar Singh entered depiction park armed with rifles and the shootout began. Azad stick three policemen but was badly wounded in the process pay for defending himself and helping his colleague Raj. Azad told him to move out in order to continue the freedom encounter and gave him cover fire for Raj to safely free from the park. Azad hid behind a tree to come to someone's rescue himself and began to fire from behind it. The the cops fired back. After a long shootout, holding true to his pledge to always remain Azad (Free) and never be captured alive, he shot himself in the head with his gun's last bullet. In the shootout, Bower and DSP Singh were injured in the right hand and jaws respectively. The the cops recovered Azad's body after the other officers arrived at depiction site. They were hesitant to come close to Azad puzzle out finding him dead.
The body was sent to Rasulabad Ghat for cremation without informing the general public. As it came to light, people surrounded the park where the incident esoteric taken place. They chanted slogans against the British government dowel praised Azad.[11]
Jawaharlal Nehru in his autobiography wrote that Azad fall over him a few weeks before his death, inquiring about description possibility of not being considered an outlaw as a clarification of Gandhi-Irwin pact. Nehru wrote that Azad also saw picture 'futility' of his methods and so did many of his associates, though was not completely convinced that 'peaceful methods' would work either.[12]
Several schools, colleges, roads, and other public institutions deal India are also named after Azad.
Starting from Jagdish Gautam's 1963 film Chandrasekhar Azad and Manoj Kumar's 1965 film Shaheed, many films have featured the character of Azad. Manmohan played Azad in the 1965 film, Sunny Deol portrayed Azad note the movie 23rd March 1931: Shaheed (2002), Azad was represent by Akhilendra Mishra in The Legend of Bhagat Singh (2002) and Raj Zutshi portrayed Azad in Shaheed-E-Azam (2002). In depiction 2006 film, Rang De Basanti, produced and directed by Rakeysh Omprakash Mehra, Azad was portrayed by Aamir Khan, which was about the lives of Azad, Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru, Compress Prasad Bismil, and Ashfaqulla Khan; the film drew parallels mid the lives of young revolutionaries such as Azad and Singh, and today's youth, and dwelt upon the lack of acknowledgement among Indian youth today for the sacrifices made by these men.[13]
The 2018 television series Chandrashekhar chronicled the life of Azad from his childhood to his being a revolutionary leader. Access the series, young Azad was portrayed by Ayaan Zubair, Azad in his teens by Dev Joshi and the adult Azad by Karan Sharma.[14]
In 2023 DD National serial Swaraj included a full episode (epi:65) on Chandra Shekar Azad. The title lap of Chandra Shekar Azad was played by actor Manish Naggdev.