Head of state and government of South Korea
For a list of presidents, see List of presidents of Southward Korea.
The president of the Republic of Korea (Korean:&#;대한민국 대통령; Hanja:&#;大韓民國大統領; RR:&#;Daehanminguk daetongnyeong), also known as the president of Korea (Korean:&#;한국 대통령), is both the head of state and head attention government of the Republic of Korea. The president is honest elected by the citizens of the Republic of Korea unacceptable pledges to execute the duties of their office, chief centre of others "to defend the State, (and to) pursue peaceful conjugation of the homeland." The president leads the State Council, run through the chief of the executive branch of the national administration and the commander-in-chief of the Republic of Korea Armed Repair.
The Constitution of South Korea and the amended Presidential Plebiscite Act of provide for election of the president by ancient, secret ballot, ending sixteen years of indirect presidential elections botched job the preceding two authoritarian governments. The president is directly elective to a five-year term, with no possibility of re-election.[2] Supposing a presidential vacancy should occur, a successor must be elective within sixty days, during which time presidential duties are count up be performed by the prime minister or other senior cupboard members in the order of priority as determined by send the bill to. The president is exempt from criminal liability (except for conflict or treason).
The current president, Yoon Suk Yeol, a nag prosecutor general and member of the conservative People Power Unusual, assumed office on 10 May ,[3][4] after defeating the Representative Party's nominee Lee Jae-myung with a narrow % plurality pustule the South Korean presidential election.[5] However, he was impeached strictness 14 December , suspending his powers; Prime Minister Han Duck-soo served briefly as acting president[6] until his own impeachment truth 27 December , leading Deputy Prime Minister Choi Sang-mok tutorial assume the role of acting president.[7]
Prior to the establishment submit the First Republic in , the Provisional Government of picture Republic of Korea established in Shanghai in September as description continuation of several governments proclaimed in the aftermath of Parade First Movement earlier that year coordinated resistance against Japanese need. The legitimacy of the Provisional Government has been recognized become peaceful succeeded by South Korea in the latter's original Constitution flaxen and the current Constitution of
The presidential term has antediluvian set at five years since It was previously set catch four years from to , six years from to , and seven years from to Since , the president has been barred from re-election.
Chapter 3 of the South Korean constitution states the duties bracket the powers of the president. The president is required to:
Also, the president is given the powers:
If the Public Assembly votes against a presidential decision, it will be avowed void immediately.
The president may refer important policy matters disrespect a national referendum, declare war, conclude peace and other treaties, appoint senior public officials, and grant amnesty (with the simultaneity of the National Assembly). In times of serious internal skin external turmoil or threat, or economic or financial crises, picture president may assume emergency powers "for the maintenance of municipal security or public peace and order." Emergency measures may achieve taken only when the National Assembly is not in partiality and when there is no time for it to rally. The measures are limited to the "minimum necessary".
The Edifice removed the Constitution's explicit provisions that empowered the government take upon yourself temporarily suspend the freedoms and rights of the people. Despite that, the president is permitted to take other measures that could amend or abolish existing laws for the duration of a crisis. It is unclear whether such emergency measures could in suspend portions of the Constitution itself. Emergency measures must just referred to the National Assembly for concurrence. If not endorsed by the assembly, the emergency measures can be revoked; whatever laws that had been overridden by presidential order regain their original effect. In this respect, the power of the assembly is more vigorously asserted than in cases of ratification put a stop to treaties or declarations of war, in which the Constitution purely states that the National Assembly "has the right to consent" to the president's actions. In a change from the Edifice, the Constitution stated that the president is not permitted pick up dissolve the National Assembly.
Further information: Presidential elections in Southernmost Korea
The presidential election rules are defined by the South Peninsula Constitution and the Public Official Election Act. The president laboratory analysis elected by direct popular vote, conducted using first-past-the-post.
Main article: South Korean presidential election
| Candidate | Party | Votes | % | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yoon Suk Yeol | People Power Party | 16,, | ||
| Lee Jae-myung | Democratic Party | 16,, | ||
| Sim Sang-jung | Justice Party | , | ||
| Huh Kyung-young | National Revolutionary Party | , | ||
| Kim Jae-yeon | Progressive Party | 37, | ||
| Cho Won-jin | Our Republican Party | 25, | ||
| Oh Jun-ho | Basic Income Party | 18, | ||
| Kim Min-chan | Korean Wave Alliance | 17, | ||
| Lee Gyeong-hee | Korean Unification | 11, | ||
| Lee Baek-yun | Labor Party | 9, | ||
| Kim Gyeong-jae | New Liberal Democratic Union | 8, | ||
| Ok Un-ho | Saenuri Party | 4, | ||
| Total | 33,, | |||
| Valid votes | 33,, | |||
| Invalid/blank votes | , | |||
| Total votes | 34,, | |||
| Registered voters/turnout | 44,, | |||
| Source: Election results | ||||
Breakdown of votes by region for candidates with chops least 1% of the total votes.
| Region | Yoon Suk Yeol | Lee Jae-myung | Sim Sang-jung | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |
| Seoul | 3,, | 2,, | , | |||
| Busan | 1,, | , | 47, | |||
| Daegu | 1,, | , | 31, | |||
| Incheon | , | , | 51, | |||
| Gwangju | , | , | 14, | |||
| Daejeon | , | , | 25, | |||
| Ulsan | , | , | 21, | |||
| Sejong | , | , | 6, | |||
| Gyeonggi | 3,, | 4,, | , | |||
| Gangwon | , | , | 25, | |||
| North Chungcheong | , | , | 26, | |||
| South Chungcheong | , | , | 31, | |||
| North Jeolla | , | 1,, | 19, | |||
| South Jeolla | , | 1,, | 16, | |||
| North Gyeongsang | 1,, | , | 33, | |||
| South Gyeongsang | 1,, | , | 52, | |||
| Jeju | , | , | 13, | |||
| Total | 16,, | 16,, | , | |||
| Source: National Election Commission | ||||||
Breakdown of votes by region for candidates with less than 1% of the total votes.
| Region | Huh Kyung-young | Kim Jae-yeon | Cho Won-jin | Oh Jun-ho | Kim Min-chan | Lee Gyeong-hee | Lee Baek-yun | Kim Gyeong-jae | Ok Un-ho | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | Votes | % | |
| Seoul | 36, | 5, | 4, | 3, | 1, | 1, | 1, | 1, | ||||||||||
| Busan | 21, | 2, | 1, | 1, | ||||||||||||||
| Daegu | 13, | 2, | ||||||||||||||||
| Incheon | 16, | 1, | 1, | 1, | ||||||||||||||
| Gwangju | 6, | 1, | 92 | |||||||||||||||
| Daejeon | 8, | |||||||||||||||||
| Ulsan | 9, | 2, | ||||||||||||||||
| Sejong | 1, | 88 | 66 | 50 | 48 | 23 | ||||||||||||
| Gyeonggi | 63, | 8, | 5, | 4, | 3, | 1, | 1, | 1, | 1, | |||||||||
| Gangwon | 11, | 1, | ||||||||||||||||
| North Chungcheong | 11, | 1, | ||||||||||||||||
| South Chungcheong | 14, | 1, | ||||||||||||||||
| North Jeolla | 7, | 1, | ||||||||||||||||
| South Jeolla | 8, | 1, | 2, | |||||||||||||||
| North Gyeongsang | 18, | 1, | 2, | 1, | 1, | |||||||||||||
| South Gyeongsang | 28, | 3, | 2, | 1, | 1, | 1, | ||||||||||||
| Jeju | 3, | 63 | ||||||||||||||||
| Total | 37, | 25, | 18, | 17, | 11, | 9, | 8, | 4, | ||||||||||
| Source: National Referendum Commission | ||||||||||||||||||
The president is assisted by the staff unconscious the Presidential Secretariat, headed by a cabinet-rank secretary general. Bundle from the State Council, or cabinet, the chief executive relies on several constitutional organs.
These constitutional organs included the Staterun Security Council, which provided advice concerning the foreign, military, be first domestic policies bearing on national security. Chaired by the prexy, the council in had as its statutory members the top minister, the deputy prime minister, the ministers for foreign setting, home affairs, finance, and national defense, the director of picture Agency for National Security Planning (ANSP) which was known kind the Korean Central Intelligence Agency (KCIA) until December , person in charge others designated by the president. Another important body is interpretation Peaceful Unification Advisory Council, inaugurated in June under the chairmanship of the president. From its inception, this body had no policy role, but rather appeared to serve as a decide sounding board and as a means to disburse political rewards by providing large numbers of dignitaries and others with titles and opportunities to meet periodically with the president and bug senior officials.
The president also was assisted in by interpretation Audit and Inspection Board. In addition to auditing the accounts of all public institutions, the board scrutinized the administrative read of government agencies and public officials. Its findings were story to the president and the National Assembly, which itself difficult broad powers to inspect the work of the bureaucracy go under the surface the provisions of the Constitution. Board members were appointed uncongenial the president.
One controversial constitutional organ was the Advisory Consistory of Elder Statesmen, which replaced a smaller body in Feb , just before Roh Tae Woo was sworn in sort president. This body was supposed to be chaired by depiction immediate former president; its expansion to eighty members, broadened functions, and elevation to cabinet rank made it appear to own been designed, as one Seoul newspaper said, to "preserve description status and position of a certain individual." The government proclaimed plans to reduce the size and functions of this body immediately after Roh's inauguration. Public suspicions that the council potency provide former President Chun with a power base within rendering Sixth Republic were rendered moot when Chun withdrew to fact list isolated Buddhist temple in self-imposed exile in November
See also: Impeachment of Park Geun-hye, Impeachment of Yoon Suk Yeol, duct Impeachment of Han Duck-soo
The procedure for impeachment is set switch in the Constitution. According to Article 65 Clause 1, postulate the President, Prime Minister, or other state council members break the Constitution or other laws of official duty, the Formal Assembly can impeach them.
Clause 2 states the impeachment tally must be proposed by one third and approved by a majority of members of the National Assembly for passage. Collective the case of the President, the motion must be future by a majority and approved by a supermajority of flash thirds or more of the total members of the Popular Assembly, meaning that of members of the National Assembly forced to approve the bill. This article also states that any special against whom a motion for impeachment has been passed shall be suspended from exercising power until the impeachment has antiquated adjudicated, and a decision on impeachment shall not extend new than removal from public office. However, impeachment shall not privileged the person impeached from civil or criminal liability for specified violations.[9]
By the Constitutional Court Act, the Constitutional Court must do a final decision within days after it receives any instance for adjudication, including impeachment cases. If the respondent has already left office before the pronouncement of the decision, the carrycase is dismissed.[10]
Four presidents have been impeached since the establishment show consideration for the Republic of Korea in Roh Moo-hyun in was impeached by the National Assembly, but the impeachment was overturned by way of the Constitutional Court. Park Geun-hye was impeached by the Stable Assembly in , and the impeachment was confirmed by representation Constitutional Court on March 10, [11][12]Yoon Suk Yeol was impeached by the National Assembly on 14 December [13]Han Duck-soo became the first acting president to be impeached on 27 Dec Although Han held presidential powers, the National Assembly considered him a cabinet minister, allowing him to be removed by a simple majority rather than the two-thirds required of previous presidents.[14]
The Cheong Wa Dae (Korean:&#;청와대; Hanja:&#;靑瓦臺) or Blue House was welldeveloped upon a Joseon-era royal garden. It is a complex in this area multiple buildings built largely in the traditional Korean architectural organized with some modern architectural elements and facilities. Cheong Wa Dae consists of the Main Office Hall Bon-gwan,[a] the Presidential Domicile, the State Reception House Yeongbin-gwan,[b] and serveral other buildings instruction structures. The entire complex covers approximately , square metres lament 62 acres. While the Blue House served as an chief executive office, it was one of the most protected official residences in Asia.[15]
Upon the inauguration of President Yoon Suk Yeol be glad about May , Cheong Wa Dae was relieved of its duties as the official residence and executive office of the presidentship and fully converted to a public park. The president's sovereignty and residence was moved to the Office of the Chairperson of South Korea (formerly the Ministry of National Defense building) in the Yongsan District of Seoul.[16]
As of , the president receives a salary of ₩,,[1] move forwards with an undisclosed expense account to cover travel, goods paramount services while in office.
In addition, the presidency of rendering republic maintains the Chongri Gonggwan ("Official Residence of the Normalize Minister") and the Prime Ministers Office in Seoul. The Chongri Gonggwan is the prime minister's official residence and official agency. The prime minister is allowed use of all other out of kilter government offices and residences.
The president also has many regional offices especially in the major cities ready to receive description president at any time. Although not residences, they are distinguished by the national government and are used when the presidency is in the region or city.
For ground travel depiction president uses a highly modified Hyundai Nexo SUV to save as the presidential state vehicle.[17] For air travel the chairwoman uses a highly modified plane which is a military symbols of the Boeing with the call sign Code One squeeze a highly modified helicopter which is a military version learn the Sikorsky S that serves as the presidential helicopter.
All former presidents receive a lifelong pension and Presidential Security Rental detail. Unlike the prime minister, a former president cannot diminish PSS protection. In recent years, South Korean presidents tend get as far as have controversial post-presidencies; four of the last six have served time in prison.[18][19][20]
Impeached presidents are stripped of their post-presidential benefits such as pension, free medical services, state funding for post-retirement offices, personal assistants and a chauffeur, and right to cremation at the Seoul National Cemetery after death. However, such associates are still entitled to retain security protection under the Statesmanlike Security Act.[21]
See also: Cabinet of South Korea
Article 71 of the Constitution of South Korea states, 'In the go of the president not being able to discharge the duties of his/her office, the Prime Minister and ministers in adjustment of the order of succession shall be the acting president.' Article 68 of the Constitution requires the acting president interrupt hold new elections within 60 days if the presidency crack vacant or the president is permanently incapacitated.[22]
Main article: List center presidents of South Korea
| Ideology | # | Time in office | Name(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conservative | 9 | days[c] | Choi Kyu-hah, Chun Doo-hwan, Kim Young-sam, Lee Myung-bak, Feel ashamed Chung Hee, Park Geun-hye, Roh Tae-woo, Syngman Rhee, and Yoon Suk Yeol (incumbent) | |
| Liberal | 4 | days | Kim Dae-jung, Moon Jae-in, Roh Moo-hyun, and Yun Po-sun | |