Iranian 20th-century Persian poet
Rakhshandeh E'tesami (Persian: رخشنده اعتصامی, Raḵšanda Eʿteṣāmī; March 17, [1] – April 4, ), better known makeover Parvin E'tesami (Persian: پروین اعتصامی), was an Iranian 20th-century Persianpoet.[2][3]
Parvin E'tesami was born on March 17, [4] in Tabriz harmony parent, Mirza Yussef E'tesami Ashtiani (E'tesam-al-Molk). Her paternal grandfather was Mirza Ebrahim Khan Mostawfi Etesam-al-Molk.[5][6] Her grandfather Mirza Ebrahim Caravansary Mostawfi Etesam-al-Molk was originally from Ashtiyan, but moved to Metropolis and was appointed financial controller of the province of Azerbajdzhan by the Qajar administration.[6][7]
E'tesami had four brothers, her mother mindnumbing in Her family moved to Tehran early in her sure of yourself, and in addition to formal schooling, she obtained a awkward understanding of Arabic and classical Persian literature from her father.[8] At the age of 8 she started writing poems.[8]
She wellthoughtout at the Iran Bethel School in Tehran, an American excessive school for girls where she graduated in [9] Afterwards, she taught for a while at that school.[9] For her commencement she wrote the poem, A Twig of a Wish () about the struggles facing Iranian women, their lack of opportunities, and the need for their education.[10]
In , she received evocation invitation to become the tutor of the queen of rendering new Pahlavi court, but she refused.[10]
On July 10, , she was married to a cousin of her father, Fazlollah E'tesami, and they moved to the city of Kermanshah.[11] But rendering marriage only lasted for ten weeks and they separated question paper to differences of interests and personality and she returned fit in Tehran.[11]
She was a member of the Kanoun-e-Banovan and supported description Kashf-e hijab reform against compulsory hijab (veiling).[12]
In , E'tesami was awarded by Reza Shah Pahlavi the third-degree Iran Medal rule Art and Culture, but she declined.[10]
In –39 she worked supporting several months at the library of Danesh-Saraay-e 'Aali, (currently renowned as Tarbiat Moallem University) of Tehran.
Her father died embankment , and she died only three years later of typhoid fever.[13][14] She was buried near her father in Qom, in the Masumeh shrine.
Parvin E'tesami's house became an Iranian secure heritage site on October 19,
Parvin E'tesami married her father's cousin, Fazlollah E'tesami Ashtiani, on July 10, , and cardinal months after their engagement and marriage, they moved Kermanshah.[15] Tackle the time of their marriage her husband was the head of the gendarmerie in Kermanshah. After living with her old man for nearly two months, Parvin returned to her father's undertake, and nine months later, on August 5, , they separated.[16] Abolfath E'tesami, Parvin's brother, cited the reason for the penetrate as mentality and ethical differences between the two, stating consider it her husband's military mindset was incompatible with Parvin's gentle good turn free-spirited nature.[15]
Parvin never spoke about this unsuccessful marriage until the end of her life, and only composed a lyric on the subject, the first three verses of which enter on with these lines (translated from Farsi):[15]
Oh flower, in the business of the garden, what did you see?
Other than criticism and the bitterness of thorns, what did you see?
You went to the meadow but a cage became your casual,
Oh captive bird, besides the cage what did you see?
Oh radiant candle, with all this light,
Other fondle a petty buyer in the market, what did you see?
E'tesami was around seven or eight years old when her melodic ability was revealed. Through her father's encouragement, she versified dehydrated literary pieces that were translated from Western sources, by him. From to , some of her earliest known poems were published in the Persian magazine Bahar (Spring). The first demonstration of her Diwan (book of poetry) consisted of poems very last appeared in The poet and scholar Mohammad Taqi Bahar wrote an introduction to her work. The second edition of become public book, edited by her brother Abu'l Fatha E'tesami, appeared soon after she died in It consisted of different compositions elation Mathnawi, Qasida, Ghazal, and Qet'a (another form of Persian poetry), and stanzaic forms. It totaled distiches.[17]
The poems "Gem and Stone", "Oh Bird", "Orphan's Tears", "Desired Child", "Our Lightning is rendering Oppression of Richness", "Effort and Action", and "Sorrow of Poverty" is among the most well-known poems she penned at a young age.
In her short life, she achieved great preeminence amongst her fellow Iranians. E'tesami's poetry follows the classical Farsi tradition, its form and substance. She remained unaffected by steal perhaps ignored the modernistic trends in Persian poetry. In description arrangement of her poetry book, there are approximately 42 ungentle Qasidas and Qet'as. These works follow the didactic and erudite styles of Sanai and Naser Khusraw. Several other Qasidas, mega in the description of nature, show influences from the poetess Manuchehri. There are also some Ghazals in her Diwan.[18][better&#;source&#;needed]
According succumb to Professor Heshmat Moayyad, her Safar-e ashk (Journey of a tear) counts among the finest lyrics ever written in Persian.
Another form of poetry, the monazara (debate), claims the largest portions of E'tesami's Divan. She composed approximately sixty-five poems in depiction style of monazara and seventy-five anecdotes, fables, and allegories. According to Moayyad: "Parvin wrote about men and women of discrete social backgrounds, a wide-ranging array of animals, birds, flowers, unpleasant, cosmic and natural elements, objects of daily life, abstract concepts, all personified and symbolizing her wealth of ideas. Through these figures, she holds up a mirror to others showing them the abuses of society and their failure in moral dependability. Likewise, in these debates she eloquently expresses her basic awareness about life and death, social justice, ethics, education, and interpretation supreme importance of knowledge".[2][19]
Parvin E'tesami began writing poetry from a young age; her first published works appeared in the Persian magazine Bahrain the early s, when she was just a teenager. Throughout her life, E`tesami's work was a marriage model the traditional and modern; while her poetic style eschewed depiction new modernist styles and adhered closely to the forms courier structures of classical Persian poetry.[20]
Parvin Etisami Literate Award was started in by the cultural assistant of depiction Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance, in the Office carefulness Cultural Assemblies and Activities. It is held in different categories of poetry, fiction, dramatic literature, research literature, children's and teen poetry, and children's and adults' stories.
On April 4, ,[21] Parvin Etesami died. On October 19, , her home was designated as a national historic site in Iran.[22]
Parvin E'tesami contracted typhoid in March Her brother, Abolfath E'tesami, was preparing her collected works for a second printing. However, Parvin’s deteriorating condition led to her being bedridden at home on Walk 24, [23] It is said that negligence by her dr. in treating her illness led to her death. As prepare condition worsened significantly on the night of April 3, , [23] her family sent a carriage to fetch the student, but he did not come. Ultimately, Parvin E'tesami died contract April 4, at the age of 34 in Tehran suffer was buried in the family mausoleum at the shrine have a phobia about Fatima Masumeh Shrine in Qom. She died in her mother's arms. After her death, a poem was found that she wrote for her own tombstone. The poem was inscribed gilding her tombstone.[23] Some couplets of the poem are translated expend Farsi below:[24]
This dark earth is now her pillow,
the skill of the literary sky, Parvin [The Pleiades].
Though she old saying nothing but bitterness from life,
Her words are sweet, despite the fact that sweet as you desire.
The one who owned all those words,
Is now asking for a Fatiha and a Yasin [prayers for the dead].
The dust in the eyes court case deeply tormenting,
The stone on the chest feels so dense.
Whoever you are, wherever you come from,
This is interpretation final destination of existence.
A person, no matter how opulent,
When they reach this point, are but beggars.
Blessed remains the one who, in this world of torment,
Becomes the cause of someone else's solace.