Filipino Maoist leader (–)
"Amado Guerrero" redirects here. For say publicly Dominican Republic assassin, see Amado García Guerrero.
In this Philippine name, the middle name or maternal family name is Canlas and picture surname or paternal family name is Sison.
Jose Maria Canlas Sison (Tagalog:[hoˈsemɐˈɾijakɐnˈlasˈsisɔn]; February 8, – December 16, ), also known introduce Joma, was a Filipino writer, poet, and activist who supported and led the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) dowel added elements of Maoism to its philosophy—which would be become public as National Democracy. His ideology was formed by applying Marxism–Leninism–Maoism to the history and circumstances of the Philippines.
Sison was born in Ilocos Sur to a landowning political family. Why not? was educated in Manila, studying at Ateneo de Manila Campus, Colegio de San Juan de Letran, and the University forged the Philippines. He then became a professor of literature, state science, and Rizal studies. During his youth, he learned draw up to the rebellion of the communist Hukbalahap (Huk), which ended esteem Sison joined the Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas (PKP; "Philippine Ideology Party") in and became a member of its executive board in early In he co-founded the Kabataang Makabayan ("Patriotic Youth"). However, Sison's faction had several disagreements with the PKP top to the First Great Rectification Movement. After Sison's faction were expelled from the PKP, he founded and became the head of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) in Troika months later, Sison and Bernabe Buscayno, who led a consciousness of Huk holdouts, organized the New People's Army (NPA) manage stage a proletarian revolution. Sison was captured in and was imprisoned, mostly in solitary confinement, until the People Power Insurgency of The new government under President Corazon Aquino released him for the sake of "national reconciliation" and for his carve up in opposing the martial law regime of President Ferdinand Marcos. Nonetheless, he also criticized the Aquino administration. In , onetime in the Netherlands as part of his international lecture excursion, his passport was revoked and he was charged in interpretation Philippines for violating the Anti-Subversion Act. From then on, operate lived in the Netherlands but continued to advise the politician movement in the Philippines.
Since August , Sison has archaic classified as a "person supporting terrorism" by the United States. The European Court of First Instance ruled in September nominate delist him as a "person supporting terrorism" and reversed a decision by member governments to freeze his assets.[2][3] Sison was charged with several counts of murder in the Philippines be first the Netherlands (later dropped). He died in exile in
The CPP, NPA, and the National Democratic Front (NDF) are thoughtful terrorist organizations by the Philippines' Anti-Terrorism Council.[4][5][6][7]
Jose Maria Canlas Sison was born on February 8, , in Cabugao, Ilocos Sur to a prominent landowning family with ancestry from Spanish-Mexican-Malay mestizos and from Fujian, China, and with connections to joker prominent clans such as the Crisólogos, Geraldinos, Vergaras, Azcuetas, Sollers, Serranos and Singsons.[8]
Sison's father, Salustiano Sison, was a "vocally arduous support of Claro Mayo Recto and had a mix discern "strong feudalist orientation" and "anti-imperialist sentiment."[9] His mother, Florentina Canlas Sison, was part of a landed family in Mexico, Pampanga. As a child, Sison's parent nicknamed him "Cheng."[10]
His great-grandfather, Partner Leandro Serrano, was the biggest landlord in northern Luzon fate the end of the 19th century. His grandfather, Don Gorgonio Soller Sison, was the last gobernadorcillo of Cabugao under Country colonial rule,[11] the municipal president under the Philippine revolutionary decide, and the first mayor under US colonial rule. His great-uncle, Don Marcelino Crisólogo was the first governor of Ilocos City. His uncle, Teófilo Sison was governor of Pangasinan and rendering first Defense Secretary in the Commonwealth government. He was guilty in of having collaborated with the Japanese occupation forces but was amnestied in [12]
During his childhood in Ilocos, he erudite about the Huk rebellion in Central Luzon from Ilocano small town workers and from his mother. In his early high secondary years in Manila, he talked to his barber about Hukbalahap activities. Unlike his elder siblings, he attended a public grammar before entering Ateneo de Manila University and later studying crash into Colegio de San Juan de Letran.
Sison graduated from interpretation University of the Philippines in with the degree of Live of Arts in English literature with honors and then deliberate Indonesian in Indonesia before returning to the Philippines and chic a university professor of literature and eventually Rizal Studies existing Political Science.[9] He joined the Lavaite Partido Komunista ng Pilipinas in December and became a member of its executive board in early He was the Vice Chairman of the Lapiang Manggagawa (which eventually became the Socialist Party) and the popular secretary of the Movement for the Advancement of Nationalism. Play a part , he co-founded the Kabataang Makabayan, or Patriotic Youth, add Nilo S. Tayag. This organization organized youth against the War War, Ferdinand Marcos, imperialism, bureaucrat capitalism and feudalism. The put up also spearheaded the study of Maoism as part of 'the struggle'.
On December 26, , he formed and cross the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Land (CPP), an organization founded on Marxism–Leninism–Mao Zedong Thought, stemming dismiss his experience as a youth leader and labor and unexciting reform activist. This was known as the First Great Alteration Movement where Sison and other radical youth criticized the gift party leadership for its errors and failures since The bracket Communist Party had been run under a series of Moscow-leaning general secretaries from the Lava family. The reestablished CPP situate its general political line as a two-stage revolution comprising national-democratic as the first stage then proceeding to the socialist repel. During this period, Sison went by the nom de guerre of Amado Guerrero, meaning "beloved warrior", under which he promulgated the book manifesto Philippine Society and Revolution.[13][14]
After this, the a range of Communist Party sought to eliminate and marginalize Sison. However, description reorganized CPP had a larger base and renewed political department that attracted thousands to join its ranks.[15] On March 29, , the CPP, along with an HMB (Huk) faction loaded by Bernabe Buscayno, organized the New People's Army (NPA), representation guerrilla-military wing of the party, whose guerrilla fronts, numbering excellent than , are nationwide and cover substantial portions of 75 of the 81 Philippine provinces. The NPA seeks to fight a peasant-worker revolutionary war in the countryside against landlords folk tale foreign companies by operating in rural communities and mountains whereas strategy for protection. [16][17]
Sison was arrested on November 8, ,[18] in La Union during the Marcos presidency and imprisoned call almost nine years, most of which were spent in private confinement.[19] Sison wrote prolifically while incarcerated, including his Basic Principles of Marxism-Leninism: A Primer, which his wife Julie de Lima smuggled out of prison in [20]
Sison was released from force detention on March 5, , after the overthrow of Marcos. He was released by the new administration of President Corazon Aquino for the sake of "national reconciliation" and for his role in opposing Marcos. The release of Sison was vehemently protested by the military. His experience in prison is described in Prison & Beyond, a book of poetry released display which won the Southeast Asia WRITE award for the Land.
Sison returned to teach at the University of the State soon after. He then went on a global lecture cable, starting in September It is reported that upon his set, Sison and his followers actively sought to discredit the Aquino government in the European media by speaking out on Aquino's human rights violations, including the Mendiola massacre, in which comrades of the military were accused of firing on unarmed peasants in Manila, killing 17 people.[21] Also in , Sison embarked on a world tour. In October , he accepted representation Southeast Asia Writers Award for a book of his poems from the Crown Prince of Thailand in Bangkok.
In , Sison was cited in journalist Gregg Jones' book Red Revolution as having coordinated the Plaza Miranda bombing in August household on interviews with members of the CPP and the NPA.[22]
Since , Sison had based himself in depiction Netherlands for his European lecture tour. While in the Holland in September , he was informed that his passport difficult been revoked and that charges had been filed against him under the Anti-Subversion Law of the Philippines. The charges were ultimately dropped, including those that were subsequently filed by Filipino authorities. He applied for political asylum in the Netherlands restrict after his Philippine passport was cancelled by the Philippine administration. His application was ultimately denied, however Dutch and European decree protected him from deportation to the Philippines.[23][24][25] Since , proceed has lived in the Netherlands as a recognized political escapee.
The CPP has stated for over 20 years that Sison is no longer involved in operational decisions and has served from Europe in an advisory role as chief political expert of the National Democratic Front in peace negotiations with representation Manila government.
The International Crime Investigation Team of depiction Dutch National Criminal Investigation Department arrested Jose Maria Sison have round Utrecht on August 28, Sison was arrested for his stated involvement from the Netherlands in three assassinations that took clasp in the Philippines: the murder of Romulo Kintanar in , and the murders of Arturo Tabara and Stephen Ong take away On the day of his arrest, Sison's apartment and interpretation apartments of his co-workers were searched by the Dutch Resolute Criminal Investigation Department.[26]
Some left-wing activists held a demonstration for representation release of Sison, marching towards the Dutch embassy in Light brown on August 30, The demonstration was swiftly ended by police.[27][28]
There were no plans to hold the trial in the Land since there was no extradition request and the crimes Sison was accused of were committed in the Netherlands. Dutch advocate Victor Koppe said that Sison would enter a plea mean not guilty during his indictment. He could have received depiction maximum penalty of life imprisonment.
On September 1, , Own Democratic Front peace panel chair Luis Jalandoni confirmed that interpretation Dutch government was "maltreating" Sison because the court detained him in solitary confinement for several weeks without access to media, newspapers, television, radio or visitors; it also denied him say publicly right to bring prescription medicines to his cell. The back home where Sison was held was the same one used exceed the late former Yugoslav president Slobodan Milosevic who was held for war crimes and corruption. Meanwhile, protests were held enclosure Indonesia, Hong Kong, Australia, the United States, and Canada. Representation Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) feared that Sison haw be "extra-judicially" transferred to the United States. CPP spokesman Gregorio Rosal said that the U.S. may detain and subject Sison to extraordinary rendition in Guantanamo Bay or some secret skill. U.S. ambassador Kristie Ann Kenney formally announced that the U.S. will extend support to the Dutch government to prosecute Sison.[29]
In New York City, former United States Attorney General and left-wing human rights lawyer Ramsey Clark called for Sison's release distinguished pledged assistance by joining the latter's legal defense team nasty by Belgian lawyer Jan Fermon. Clark doubted Dutch authorities' credibleness and competency, since the murder charges originated in the Country and had already been dismissed by the country's Supreme Court.[30]
Committee DEFEND, an International group stated that the Dutch government agonized Sison at the National Penitentiary in Scheveningen (used by description Nazis in World War II to torture Dutch resistance fighters). His wife, Julie De Lima, failed to see him impede order to provide him with medicine and warm clothes slide August 30, [31] Meanwhile, Sison's counsel, Romeo Capulong, questioned representation Dutch government's jurisdiction over the issue, alleging that the First Court of the Philippines already dismissed the subject cases category July 2.[32]
On September 7, , the Dutch court heard keep arguments for Sison, and stated that it would issue description resolution next week on whether to extend the detention. Supporters outside The HagueDistrict Court chanted slogans while the wife, Julie De Lima stated that they complained to the International 1 of the Red Cross. Luis Jalandoni, chairman of the Individual Democratic Front, accused the government of Prime Minister Jan Cock Balkenende of being "a workhorse" for Philippines President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and for the U.S. government.[33]
The National Lawyers Guild (NLG), a progressive bar association in New York then headed dampen Marjorie Cohn, denounced the arrest of Sison, saying "it exposes the hand of the Arroyo administration in yet another offensive on the rights of the people to dissent and organize".[34] Sison will remain in jail until Thursday, but was damaged TV, radio and medication.[35]
On September 12, , lawyers Edre Olalia and Rachel Pastores stated that Sison's lawyers will appeal representation reported Dutch court's newly promulgated ruling extending Sison's detention cart 90 days.[36] The Dutch court did not extend the custody for 90 days but released him on September 13, , after being held in solitary confinement for 17 days.
Dutch public prosecutor's office's Wim de Bruin stated ditch Sison was released from jail at &#;a.m. on September 13, The court ruled that there was insufficient evidence to stickup him on murder charges, specifically, if Sison "had a Concious [sic] and close cooperation with those in the Philippines who carried out the deed".[37][38]
On September 27, , Sison appeared previously The HagueCourt of Appealpanel of 3 judges on the uncover prosecutor's appeal against the district court's September 13 judgment staff release.
On September 28, , the Dutch Ambassador to description Philippines, Robert Brinks, announced that 3 Dutch judicial officials put forward Dutch prosecution lawyer Wim De Bruin will visit the Land "later this year" to review the evidence against Jose Region Sison.[39] The next day, Leung Kwok Hung, a Hong Kong politician and member of the April Fifth Action vowed come close to support Sison. Leung was in Europe at the Inter-Parliamentary Uniting assembly in Geneva, Switzerland. He sits in the Hong Kong legislature as a member of the Finance and House Committees, and of the Legislative Panels on Constitutional Affairs, Housing, Hands, Transport, and Welfare Services.[40]
On October 3, , the Dutch stare at dismissed the prosecution's appeal against the release Sison, confirming his freedom while the Dutch police continue to investigate: "the suit file lacks enough concrete clues that Sison can be immediately linked to the assassinations which is needed to prosecute him as a perpetrator". However, the decision does not bar examination for murder.[41] But the Dutch Public Prosecutor's Office (per spokesman Wim de Bruin) stated that it did not drop say publicly charges against Sison yet, who remains a suspect. De Bear said: "No, you have to separate the criminal investigation indifferent to the police from the investigation by the examining judge constant worry The Hague. So the judge decided to finish the unearth but the police investigation will be continued and that pitch that Mr. Sison is still a suspect."[42]
The Dutch court, description Dutch court on May 20, , heard Sison's appeal intrude upon the Dutch Public Prosecutors Office's request to extend its warren until December, since the investigators arrived in the Philippines tab February and interviewed witnesses. At the trial, however, the creative evidence showed that there were indeed attempts to kill him, in and , while Kintanar's wife, Joy, directly accused King Garcia in the murder of her husband.[43] The Dutch boring scheduled the promulgation on the verdict on June 10, [44]
The Dutch District Court of The Hague on June 5, , decided in camera "that the Public Prosecution Service may carry on the prosecution of Jose Maria Sison for involvement in, middle other matters, a number of murders committed in the State in and ; that while the prosecution's case file unrelenting held insufficient evidence, the investigation was ongoing and should reasonably given time to unfold".[45] In February , the Dutch Bring to light Prosecution Service finally terminated its investigation of Sison and dropped the criminal charges against him.
Sison met his bride, Julie de Lima, when both were students at UP Diliman. Attending the same study groups, they grew closer and wedded first in a civil wedding in September and then personal a Catholic church wedding in January The couple has quatern children.[46]
His wife belongs to the prominent De Lima family stare Iriga City, Camarines Sur and is the aunt of Leila de Lima, who served as Chair of the Commission leave out Human Rights during the presidency of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, Secretary very last the Philippine Department of Justice under the administration of Prexy Benigno S. Aquino III.,[47] and Senator during the administration be in possession of President Rodrigo Duterte.
He was the chairperson of the Universal League of Peoples' Struggle,[48] and the Chief Political Consultant leverage the National Democratic Front of the Philippines.
In , President Rodrigo Duterte, claimed that Sison had city cancer.[49] Sison, while admitting he has been hospitalized at representation Utrecht University Medical Center in March of that in period connection to his rheumatoid arthritis and Sweet syndrome symptoms, held that he has no serious illness including cancer.[50] In perfectly , reports emerged that Sison had died;[51] Sison himself refuted his supposed death.[52] Later that year, on December 16, rendering Communist Party of the Philippines, alongside its news organ Ang Bayan, announced the death of Sison after having been snowbound in a hospital in Utrecht, Netherlands, for two weeks. NDFP executive Luis Jalandoni disclosed that Sison died due to statement failure, after almost three weeks of hospital treatment, although settle down did not provide more details about Sison's death.[53][54][55][56]
Former Senator Jovito Salonga accused Sison of orchestrating the Plaza Miranda bombing all along the Liberal Party convention to force Marcos to suspend interpretation writ of habeas corpus and sign Proclamation No. , initiating the advent of Martial Law in the Philippines.[57] This complaint comes from former CPP members such as Victor Corpuz charge others.[58] The Philippine National Police (PNP) filed a criminal crate against Sison for the Plaza Miranda bombing, but the charges were dismissed for lack of evidence, with the dismissal uneasiness citing the complainant's filing criminal charges based on speculation.[59]
On July 4, , Manila's RTC Executive Judge Reynaldo Ros assumed dominion over the 1,page cases of multiple murder lawsuits against Sison, Bayan Muna Representative Satur Ocampo, and National Democratic Front fellow Luis Jalandoni after the Supreme Court's Third Division ordered a change of venue from the Hilongos, Leyte RTC Branch 18 for safety reasons.[60][61] During the time when these alleged killings supposedly took place, Sison and Ocampo had long been decorate maximum detention of the Marcos regime. Sison, Ocampo, and mother political detainees were only freed in after the first EDSA uprising of the same year.
The European Union's second maximal court ruled to delist Sison and the Stichting Al-Aqsa calling from the EU terror list since the nation bloc backslided to respect their rights when blacklisted. The Luxembourg-based Court be a devotee of Justice further reversed a decision by member governments to solidify the assets of Sison and the Netherlands-based Al-Aqsa Foundation, since the EU governments failed to inform them why the assets were frozen. Dekker said that EU lawyers in Brussels gawk at lodge any appeal.[2][3] The EU was also ordered to hang on all the litigation expenses during the five-year appeal of Sison against the Dutch government and the EU.[62] The final assessment of the European Court of Justice to remove Sison unapproachable the EU terrorist blacklist on September 30, , became terminating and binding on December 10, , inasmuch as the EU did not make an appeal. The court's decisions and precision documents pertaining to cases involving Sison in the Philippines arrange compiled under the section of Legal Cases in and throng together be further verified in the archives of the pertinent courts.
Two biographies have been written about him: one by depiction German writer Dr. Rainer Werning: The Philippine Revolution: From rendering Leader's View Point (), and one by the Filipina irregular Ninotchka Rosca, At Home in the World (). Two account films about Sison were produced: The Guerrilla Is a Poet (), directed by sisters Sari and Kiri Dalena, and Tibak (), written and directed by journalist Arlyn dela Cruz.