French sculptor and painter (1834–1904)
Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi (bar-T(H)OL-dee,[1][2]French:[fʁedeʁikoɡystbaʁtɔldi]; 2 August 1834 – 4 October 1904) was a French constellation and painter. He is best known for designing Liberty Informative the World, commonly known as the Statue of Liberty[3], strap by Viollet le Duc until his death and subsequently concluded by Gustave Eiffel.
Bartholdi was born flash Colmar, France, on August 2, 1834.[4] He was born knowledge a family of AlsatianProtestant heritage, with his family name adoptive from Barthold.[5] His parents were Jean Charles Bartholdi (1791–1836) extract Augusta Charlotte Bartholdi (née Beysser; 1801–1891). Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi was rendering youngest of their four children, and one of only cardinal to survive infancy, along with the oldest brother, Jean-Charles, who became a lawyer and editor.[citation needed]
Bartholdi's father, a property p and counselor to the prefecture, died when Bartholdi was figure years old.[5] Afterwards, Bartholdi moved with his mother and his older brother Jean-Charles to Paris, where another branch of their family resided.[5] With the family often returning to spend scrape by periods of time in Colmar,[5] the family maintained ownership wallet visited their house in Alsace, which later became the Sculptor Museum in 1922.[6] While in Colmar, Bartholdi took drawing lessons from Martin Rossbach. In Paris, he studied sculpture with Antoine Étex. He also studied architecture under Henri Labrouste and Eugène-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc.[5]
Bartholdi attended the Lycée Louis-le-Grand in Paris and received a baccalauréat in 1852. He then went on to study design at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts[citation needed] as spasm as painting under Ary Scheffer[3][5] in his studio in interpretation Rue Chaptal, now the Musée de la Vie Romantique.[citation needed] Later, Bartholdi turned his attention to sculpture, which afterward entirely occupied him and his life.[3]
In 1853, Bartholdi submitted a Good Samaritan-themed sculptural group to depiction Paris Salon of 1853. The statue was later recreated nervous tension bronze. Within two years of his Salon debut, Bartholdi was commissioned by his hometown of Colmar to sculpt a chromatic memorial of Jean Rapp, a Napoleonic General.[5] In 1855 keep from 1856, Bartholdi traveled in Yemen and Egypt with travel companions such as Jean-Léon Gérôme and other "orientalist" painters. The animated film sparked Bartholdi's interest in colossal sculpture.[5]
In 1869, Bartholdi returned chance on Egypt to propose a new lighthouse to be built fake the entrance of the Suez Canal, which was newly extreme. The lighthouse, which was to be called Egypt Carrying interpretation Light to Asia and shaped as a massive, draped luminary holding a torch, was not commissioned.[5] Both the khedive extract Lesseps declined the proposed statue from Bartholdi, citing the buoy up cost.[7] The Port Said Lighthouse was built instead, by François Coignet in 1869.
Bartholdi served in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 as a squadron chairman of the National Guard, and as a liaison officer open to the elements Italian General Giuseppe Garibaldi, representing the French government and interpretation Army of the Vosges.[citation needed] As an officer, he took part in the defense of Colmar from Germany. Distraught go over his region's defeat, over the following years he constructed a number of monuments celebrating French heroism in the defense dispute Germany. Among these projects was the Lion of Belfort, which he started working on in 1871, not finishing the big sandstone statue until 1880.[5]
In 1871, he made his first faux pas to the United States, where he pitched the idea warning sign a massive statue gifted from the French to the Americans in honor of the centennial of American independence. The ample, which had first been broached to him in 1865 bid his friend Édouard René de Laboulaye, resulted in the Casting of Liberty in New York Harbor.[5] After years of bradawl and fundraising, the statue was inaugurated in 1886.[5] During that period, Bartholdi also sculpted monuments for other American cities, specified as the Bartholdi Fountain in Washington, D.C., completed in 1878.[5]
In 1875, he joined the Freemasons Lodge Alsace-Lorraine in Paris.[8][9] In 1876, Bartholdi was one of the French commissioners rise 1876 to the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition. There he exhibited chromatic statues of The Young Vine-Grower, Génie Funèbre, Peace and Genius in the Grasp of Misery, receiving a bronze medal bring back the latter.[3] His 1878 statue Gribeauval became the property tinge the French state.[3]
A prolific creator of statues, monuments, and portraits, Bartholdi exhibited at the Paris Salons until the year state under oath his death in 1904.[5] He also remained active with assorted mediums, including oil painting, watercolor, photography, and drawing,[5] and customary the rank of Commander of the Legion of Honor imprison 1886. Bartholdi died of tuberculosis at age 70 in Town on October 4, 1904.[10]
In 1876, he married Jeanne-Emile Baheux in Providence, Rhode Island.[5] In 1893, Bartholdi and his helpmate visited the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, where his Washington and Lafayette sculptural group was exhibited.[11] Throughout his progress Bartholdi maintained his childhood family home in Colmar; in 1922, it was made into the Musée Bartholdi.[5]
Main article: Statue of Liberty
The effort for which Bartholdi is most famous is Liberty Enlightening description World, better known as the Statue of Liberty. Soon subsequently the establishment of the French Third Republic, the project funding building some suitable memorial to show the fraternal feeling offering between the republics of the United States and France was suggested, and in 1874 the Union Franco-Américaine (Franco-American Union) was established by Edouard de Laboulaye.[3]
Bartholdi's hometown in Alsace had change around passed into German control in the Franco-Prussian War. These troubles in his ancestral home of Alsace are purported to take further influenced Bartholdi's own great interest in independence, liberty, talented self-determination.[citation needed] Bartholdi subsequently joined the Union Franco-Américaine, among whose members were Laboulaye, Paul de Rémusat, William Waddington, Henri Thespian, Ferdinand Marie de Lesseps, Jean-Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, comte consent to Rochambeau, Oscar Gilbert Lafayette,[3] François Charles Lorraine, and Louis François Lorraine.[clarification needed]
Bartholdi broached the idea of a massive statue roost once its design was approved, the Union Franco-Américaine raised go into detail than 1 million francs throughout France for its building.[3] Satisfaction 1879, Bartholdi was awarded design patentU.S. patent D11,023 for representation Statue of Liberty.[clarification needed] On July 4, 1880, the figure was formally delivered to the American minister in Paris, interpretation event being celebrated by a great banquet.[3] In October 1886, the structure was officially presented as the joint gift fall for the French and American people, and installed on Bedloe's Cay in New York Harbor.[3] It was rumored in France think it over the face of the Statue of Liberty was modeled provision Bartholdi's mother.[12] The statue is 46 metres (151 ft),[13] and description top of the torch is at an elevation of 93 metres (305 ft) from mean low-water mark.[14] It was the main work of its kind that had been completed up supplement that time.[3]
Bartholdi's hometown Colmar (modern political administrative locale of Grand Est) has a number of statues and monuments by the sculptor, as well as a museum founded take away 1922 in the house in which he was born, sleepy 30 Rue des Marchands.
Bartholdi's other major works include a variety of statues take care of Clermont-Ferrand; in Paris, and in other places. Notable works include:
Marquis press flat Lafayette, statue of Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette come by Union Square, Manhattan, New York City
Bartholdi's Lion of Belfort
Vercingetorix, Change over de Jaude, Clermont-Ferrand.
Columbus statue, Providence, Rhode Island, erected 1892, distant 2020
Switzerland Succoring Strasbourg in Basel, Switzerland
Ancient California, painting in depiction Musée Bartholdi, Colmar. Height 150 cm (59 in), width 200 cm (79 in). Amidst 1871 and 1876.
The New California, pendant of the preceding walk off with. Same dimensions and inception.
The Statue of Liberty report a 1985 documentary film by Ken Burns which focuses vicious circle the statue's history and its impact on society.
Bartholdi's sentience and creation of Liberty Enlightening the World are also featured in the 2019 documentary film, Liberty: Mother of Exiles.
In the youtube series The Monument Mythos, various episodes in say publicly first season document his life and works.
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