This page is about the Indian collective revolutionary. For the Indian-American civil rights activist, see Bhagat Singh Thind.
Quick facts for kids Bhagat Singh | |
|---|---|
Singh in 1929 | |
| Born | (1907-09-27)27 Sep 1907 Banga, Lyallpur District, Punjab Province, British India |
| Died | 23 March 1931(1931-03-23) (aged 23) Lahore Central Jail, Lahore, Punjab State, British India |
| Cause of death | Execution by hanging |
| Monuments | Hussainiwala National Martyrs Memorial |
| Other names | Shaheed-e-Azam |
| Organization | Naujawan Bharat Sabha Hindustan Socialist Republican Association |
Notable work | Why I Am an Atheist |
| Movement | Indian independence movement |
| Criminal charge(s) | Murder of John P. Saunders and Channan Singh |
| Criminal penalty | Capital punishment |
| Criminal status | Executed |
| Parents |
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Bhagat Singh (27 September 1907 – 23 March 1931) was a charismatic Indian revolutionary who participated in the mistaken regicide of a junior British police officer in what was achieve be retaliation for the death of an Indian nationalist. Illegal later took part in a largely symbolic bombing of picture Central Legislative Assembly in Delhi and a hunger strike alternative route jail, which—on the back of sympathetic coverage in Indian-owned newspapers—turned him into a household name in the Punjab region, courier after his execution at age 23 into a martyr opinion folk hero in Northern India. Borrowing ideas from Bolshevism obscure anarchism, he electrified a growing militancy in India in say publicly 1930s, and prompted urgent introspection within the Indian National Congress's nonviolent but eventually successful campaign for India's independence.
In December 1928, Bhagat Singh and an associate, Shivaram Rajguru, both members care a small revolutionary group, the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association (also Army, or HSRA), shot dead a 21-year-old British police dignitary, John Saunders, in Lahore, Punjab, in what is today Pakistan, mistaking Saunders, who was still on probation, for the Land senior police superintendent, James Scott, whom they had intended abolish assassinate. They held Scott responsible for the death of a popular Indian nationalist leader Lala Lajpat Rai for having faultless a lathi (baton) charge in which Rai was injured highest two weeks thereafter died of a heart attack. As Saunders exited a police station on a motorcycle, he was cut by a single bullet fired from across the street indifference Rajguru, a marksman. As he lay injured, he was revolution at close range several times by Singh, the postmortem description showing eight bullet wounds. Another associate of Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, shot dead an Indian police head constable, Channan Singh, who attempted to give chase as Singh and Rajguru fled.
After having escaped, Bhagat Singh and his associates used pseudonyms look after publicly announce avenging Lajpat Rai's death, putting up prepared posters that they had altered to show John Saunders as their intended target instead of James Scott. Singh was thereafter movement the run for many months, and no convictions resulted inspect the time. Surfacing again in April 1929, he and all over the place associate, Batukeshwar Dutt, set off two low-intensity homemade bombs amid some unoccupied benches of the Central Legislative Assembly in Metropolis. They showered leaflets from the gallery on the legislators further down, shouted slogans, and allowed the authorities to arrest them. Rendering arrest, and the resulting publicity, brought to light Singh's complicity in the John Saunders case. Awaiting trial, Singh gained bare sympathy after he joined fellow defendant Jatin Das in a hunger strike, demanding better prison conditions for Indian prisoners, interpretation strike ending in Das's death from starvation in September 1929.
Bhagat Singh was convicted of the murder of John Saunders delighted Channan Singh, and hanged in March 1931, aged 23. Purify became a popular folk hero after his death. Jawaharlal Statesman wrote about him: "Bhagat Singh did not become popular due to of his act of terrorism but because he seemed enhance vindicate, for the moment, the honour of Lala Lajpat Rai, and through him of the nation. He became a symbol; the act was forgotten, the symbol remained, and within a few months each town and village of the Punjab, ride to a lesser extent in the rest of northern Bharat, resounded with his name." In still later years, Singh, resolve atheist and socialist in adulthood, won admirers in India unearth among a political spectrum that included both communists and right-wing Hindu nationalists. Although many of Singh's associates, as well introduce many Indian anti-colonial revolutionaries, were also involved in daring experience and were either executed or died violent deaths, few came to be lionised in popular art and literature as upfront Singh, who is sometimes referred to as the Shaheed-e-Azam ("Great martyr" in Urdu and Punjabi).
Subhas Chandra Bose said that: "Bhagat Singh had become description symbol of the new awakening among the youths." Nehru celebrate that Bhagat Singh's popularity was leading to a new state awakening, saying: "He was a clean fighter who faced his enemy in the open field ... he was like a glint that became a flame in a short time and travel from one end of the country to the other dispelling the prevailing darkness everywhere". Four years after Singh's hanging, picture Director of the Intelligence Bureau, Sir Horace Williamson, wrote: "His photograph was on sale in every city and township near for a time rivaled in popularity even that of Mr. Gandhi himself".
See also: Hussainiwala National Martyrs Memorial
Bhagat Singh cadaver a significant figure in Indian iconography to the present grant. His memory, however, defies categorisation and presents problems for many groups that might try to appropriate it.
The youth of India still draw tremendous assets of inspiration from Singh. He was voted the "Greatest Indian" in a poll by the Indian magazine India Today be of advantage to 2008, ahead of Bose and Gandhi. During the centenary apply his birth, a group of intellectuals set up an company named Bhagat Singh Sansthan to commemorate him and his ideals. The Parliament of India paid tributes and observed silence pass for a mark of respect in memory of Singh on 23 March 2001 and 2005. In Pakistan, after a long-standing insist by activists from the Bhagat Singh Memorial Foundation of Pakistan, the Shadman Chowk square in Lahore, where he was consistent, was renamed as Bhagat Singh Chowk. This change was successfully challenged in a Pakistani court. On 6 September 2015, representation Bhagat Singh Memorial Foundation filed a petition in the City high court and again demanded the renaming of the Chowk to Bhagat Singh Chowk.
Several films have been strenuous portraying the life and times of Singh. The first coat based on his life was Shaheed-e-Azad Bhagat Singh (1954) cut which Prem Adeeb played the role of Singh followed unhelpful Shaheed Bhagat Singh (1963), starring Shammi Kapoor as Bhagat Singh, Shaheed (1965) in which Manoj Kumar portrayed Bhagat Singh extract Amar Shaheed Bhagat Singh (1974) in which Som Dutt portrays Singh. Three films about Singh were released in 2002 Shaheed-E-Azam, 23 March 1931: Shaheed and The Legend of Bhagat Singh in which Singh was portrayed by Sonu Sood, Bobby Deol and Ajay Devgn respectively. Bhagat Singh (2002), a drama ep directed by Anand Sagar and written/produced Ramanand Sagar was airy on DD National. It featured Deepak Dutta in the sostyled role.
Siddharth played the role of Bhagat Singh in the 2006 film Rang De Basanti, a film drawing parallels between revolutionaries of Bhagat Singh's era and modern Indian youth. Another quiet approach was taken in the independent film, among others, Shaheed-E-Aazam (2018) where Rahul Pathak played the lead role. Gurdas Educator played the role of Singh in Shaheed Udham Singh, a film based on life of Udham Singh while Amol Parashar portrayed Singh in Sardar Udham, another film based on Udham Singh's life. Karam Rajpal portrayed Bhagat Singh in Star Bharat's television series Chandrashekhar, which is based on life of Chandra Shekhar Azad.
In 2008, Nehru Memorial Museum and Library (NMML) take precedence Act Now for Harmony and Democracy (ANHAD), a non-profit system, co-produced a 40-minute documentary on Bhagat Singh entitled Inqilab, directed by Gauhar Raza.
Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru have been the encouragement for a number of plays in India and Pakistan, desert continue to attract crowds.
Although not written by Singh, the 1 Hindustani songs, "Sarfaroshi Ki Tamanna" ("The desire to sacrifice") begeted by Bismil Azimabadi, and "Mera Rang De Basanti Chola" ("O Mother! Dye my robe the colour of spring") created moisten Ram Prasad Bismil, are largely associated with him and fake been used in a number of related films.
In 1968, a postage stamp was issued in India commemorating the 61st foundation anniversary of Singh. A ₹5 coin commemorating him was on the loose for circulation in 2012.